Definition
Changing Criterion Design is a single-case experimental design used to evaluate the effectiveness of an intervention by gradually changing the criterion for reinforcement over time. In this design, behavior change is demonstrated when the participant’s performance closely follows the incremental changes in the criterion. The behavior being measured must meet progressively adjusted levels, or criteria, in order to receive reinforcement. This allows for a step-by-step evaluation of the intervention’s effectiveness, showing that behavior can be systematically modified by altering the criteria.
This design is particularly useful when a large, immediate change in behavior is unrealistic or undesirable, as it allows for gradual improvement toward a target behavior. The researcher sets initial goals, then increases or decreases the requirements for reinforcement based on the participant’s performance.
Example
A behavior analyst is working with a client to increase the amount of time they spend exercising each day. The initial baseline shows the client exercises for 5 minutes each day. Using a changing criterion design, the analyst sets the first criterion at 10 minutes of exercise per day for one week, and the client earns a reward for meeting this criterion. Once the client consistently exercises for 10 minutes, the criterion is increased to 15 minutes, and the process continues until the client reaches the target of 30 minutes of daily exercise.
Throughout the process, the client’s behavior is tracked and compared against the changing criteria. If the client’s exercise duration consistently increases in line with the incremental changes, this indicates the intervention is effective.